Which treaty ended the War of the Spanish Succession and affected Nouvelle-France?

• A. Treaty of Utrecht
• B. Treaty of Paris (1713)
• C. Treaty of Rastatt
• D. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

Answer: (A)

Ending a major European war and reshaping colonial North America is tied to the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. This agreement brought the War of the Spanish Succession to a close and reorganized who controlled key French and British possessions in North America. For Nouvelle-France, it meant Britain gained control of Acadia (including what becomes Nova Scotia), Newfoundland with its fishing rights, and the vast Hudson Bay region. These transfers reduced French influence in Canada and established Britain as the dominant power in most of northern North America moving forward. The other treaties listed are associated with different conflicts or later settlements, and the “Treaty of Paris” label isn’t the standard name for this particular peace in this context.